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Impact craters

197 of Earth's most important impact craters and structures, from Vredefort, the largest, to tiny pits dug by falling iron meteorites, plus the Tunguska blast that left no crater at all.

Impact calculator: how big a crater would it make?Impact events: the energy explained

Largest first

CraterCountryDiameterAge
VredefortSouth Africa300 kmabout 2.02 billion years
ChicxulubMexico180 kmabout 66 million years
SudburyCanada130 kmabout 1.85 billion years
ManicouaganCanada100 kmabout 214 million years
PopigaiRussia90 kmabout 35.7 million years
AcramanAustralia90 kmabout 580 million years
Chesapeake BayUnited States85 kmabout 35.5 million years
MorokwengSouth Africa70 kmabout 145 million years
YarrabubbaAustralia70 kmabout 2.23 billion years
KaraRussia65 kmabout 70 million years
BeaverheadUnited States60 kmabout 600 million years
WoodleighAustralia60 km364 ± 8 million years
TookoonookaAustralia55 kmabout 112 to 133 million years (Early Cretaceous)
CharlevoixCanada54 kmabout 450 million years
SiljanSweden52 kmabout 377 million years
KarakulTajikistan52 kmprobably less than about 5 million years
MontagnaisCanada (Atlantic shelf)45 km50.5 ± 0.8 million years
MjølnirNorway (Barents Sea)40 kmabout 142 million years
Saint MartinCanada40 km227.8 ± 1.1 million years
AraguainhaBrazil40 km254.7 ± 2.5 million years
Puchezh-KatunkiRussia40 km195.9 ± 1.0 million years
CarswellCanada39 kmabout 115 ± 10 million years
Clearwater LakesCanada36 kmabout 286 million years (West) and about 460 million years (East)
MansonUnited States35 km73.8 ± 0.3 million years
SaqqarSaudi Arabia34 kmbetween about 70 and 410 million years
HiawathaGreenland (Denmark)31 km57.99 ± 0.54 million years
Slate IslandsCanada30 kmabout 450 million years (poorly known)
KeurusselkäFinland30 kmabout 1.15 billion years
ShoemakerAustralia30 kmuncertain: about 570 million to 1.63 billion years
Mistastin (Kamestastin)Canada28 kmabout 36 million years
Steen RiverCanada25 km91 ± 7 million years
TunnunikCanada25 kmabout 430 to 450 million years
KamenskRussia25 kmabout 49 million years
StrangwaysAustralia25 kmabout 646 ± 42 million years
Nördlinger RiesGermany24 kmabout 14.8 million years
BoltyshUkraine24 kmabout 65.4 million years
Presqu'îleCanada24 kmless than about 500 million years
HaughtonCanada23 kmabout 31 million years
RochechouartFrance23 kmabout 207 million years
LappajärviFinland23 kmabout 78 million years
Gosses BluffAustralia22 kmabout 142 million years
Obolon'Ukraine20 kmabout 169 ± 7 million years
LoganchaRussia20 kmabout 40 ± 20 million years
Amelia CreekAustralia20 kmbetween about 600 and 1,660 million years
DellenSweden19 kmabout 141 million years (older estimates about 89 million)
GliksonAustralia19 kmless than about 508 million years
El'gygytgynRussia18 kmabout 3.6 million years
OasisLibya18 kmless than about 120 million years
Lawn HillAustralia18 kmabout 470 million years
LuiziDemocratic Republic of the Congo17 kmless than about 575 million years
AmesUnited States16 kmabout 470 ± 30 million years
LogoiskBelarus15 km42.3 ± 1.1 million years
KalugaRussia15 kmabout 380 ± 5 million years
Gweni-FadaChad14 kmless than 345 million years
ZhamanshinKazakhstan14 kmabout 900,000 years
PantasmaNicaragua14 kmabout 804,000 years
JänisjärviRussia14 kmabout 700 ± 5 million years
Cerro do JarauBrazil13.5 kmless than about 134 million years
Sierra MaderaUnited States13 kmless than about 100 million years
Deep BayCanada13 kmabout 99 ± 4 million years
Serra da CangalhaBrazil13 kmless than about 300 million years
SpiderAustralia13 kmmore than about 570 million years
MarquezUnited States12.7 km58 ± 2 million years
AoroungaChad12.6 kmless than 345 million years
NicholsonCanada12.5 km389 ± 7 million years
Wells CreekUnited States12 kmabout 200 ± 100 million years
AvakUnited States12 kmless than about 95 million years
Vargeão DomeBrazil12 kmabout 123 million years
YallalieAustralia12 kmabout 80 to 90 million years
TernovkaUkraine11 kmabout 280 ± 10 million years
DhalaIndia11 kmabout 1.7 to 2.1 billion years
BosumtwiGhana10.5 kmabout 1.07 million years
Eagle ButteCanada10 kmless than about 65 million years
Santa MartaBrazil10 kmbetween about 66 and 100 million years
PaasselkäFinland10 kmabout 231 million years
KarlaRussia10 kmabout 5 ± 1 million years
FlaxmanAustralia10 kmmore than about 35 million years
Kelly WestAustralia10 kmmore than about 550 million years
Vista AlegreBrazil9.5 kmabout 111 to 134 million years
Red WingUnited States9 kmabout 200 ± 25 million years
Santa FeUnited States9 kmprobably between about 350 million and 1.2 billion years
MienSweden9 km121 ± 2 million years
LumparnFinland9 kmabout 1 billion years
RagozinkaRussia9 kmabout 46 ± 3 million years
Connolly BasinAustralia9 kmless than about 60 million years
CalvinUnited States8.5 kmabout 450 ± 10 million years
IlyinetsUkraine8.5 kmabout 378 ± 5 million years
CrawfordAustralia8.5 kmmore than about 35 million years
Serpent MoundUnited States8 kmless than about 320 million years
Des PlainesUnited States8 kmless than about 280 million years
Glover BluffUnited States8 kmless than about 485 million years
CoutureCanada8 kmabout 430 ± 25 million years
La MoinerieCanada8 kmabout 400 ± 50 million years
ElbowCanada8 kmabout 395 ± 25 million years
NeugrundEstonia (Baltic Sea)8 kmabout 535 million years
VepriaiLithuania8 kmabout 160 ± 10 million years
Beyenchime-SalaatinRussia8 kmabout 40 ± 20 million years
BigachKazakhstan8 kmabout 5 ± 3 million years
WetumpkaUnited States7.6 kmabout 83 million years (Late Cretaceous)
LockneSweden7.5 kmabout 458 million years
WanapiteiCanada7.5 km37.2 ± 1.2 million years
Matt WilsonAustralia7.5 kmless than about 1.4 billion years
KentlandUnited States7 kmless than about 97 million years
Cloud CreekUnited States7 kmabout 190 ± 30 million years
Crooked CreekUnited States7 kmabout 320 ± 80 million years
Jeokjung-Chogye BasinSouth Korea7 kmabout 50,000 years
PiccaninnyAustralia7 kmless than about 360 million years
SöderfjärdenFinland6.6 kmabout 520 to 640 million years
DecaturvilleUnited States6 kmless than about 300 million years
MiddlesboroUnited States6 kmless than about 300 million years
Rock ElmUnited States6 kmabout 430 to 455 million years
PilotCanada6 kmabout 445 ± 2 million years
Maple CreekCanada6 kmless than about 75 million years
SääksjärviFinland6 kmabout 600 million years (poorly known)
KurskRussia6 kmabout 250 ± 80 million years
ChukchaRussia6 kmless than about 70 million years
Tin BiderAlgeria6 kmless than about 70 million years
FoelscheAustralia6 kmmore than about 545 million years
DecorahUnited States5.6 kmabout 470 million years (Middle Ordovician)
Upheaval DomeUnited States5.5 kmprobably less than 170 million years
Jabal Waqf as SuwwanJordan5.5 kmabout 37 to 56 million years
ChiyliKazakhstan5.5 kmabout 46 ± 7 million years
GardnosNorway5 kmabout 500 million years
MizaraiLithuania5 kmabout 500 ± 20 million years
Goat PaddockAustralia5 kmless than about 50 million years
RiachãoBrazil4.5 kmless than about 200 million years
DobeleLatvia4.5 kmabout 290 ± 35 million years
GlasfordUnited States4 kmless than about 430 million years
GowCanada4 kmless than about 250 million years
Île RouleauCanada4 kmless than about 300 million years
KärdlaEstonia4 kmabout 455 million years
Mount ToondinaAustralia4 kmless than about 110 million years
SteinheimGermany3.8 kmabout 14.8 million years
BrentCanada3.8 kmabout 450 million years (estimates from about 400 to 455 million)
Flynn CreekUnited States3.8 kmabout 382 million years (Late Devonian)
Suvasvesi SouthFinland3.8 kmabout 710 million years
TsenkherMongolia3.7 kmabout 5 million years
ColôniaBrazil3.6 kmbetween about 5 and 36 million years
Suvasvesi NorthFinland3.5 kmabout 85 million years
Zeleny GaiUkraine3.5 kmabout 80 ± 20 million years
KgagodiBotswana3.5 kmless than about 180 million years
OuarkzizAlgeria3.5 kmless than about 70 million years
PingualuitCanada3.44 kmabout 1.4 million years
NewporteUnited States3.2 kmless than about 500 million years
ZapadnayaUkraine3.2 kmabout 165 ± 5 million years
BPLibya3.2 kmless than about 120 million years
GranbySweden3 kmabout 470 million years
Iso-NaakkimaFinland3 kmmore than about 1 billion years
GusevRussia3 kmabout 49 million years
GoyderAustralia3 kmless than about 1.4 billion years
ShunakKazakhstan2.8 kmabout 45 ± 10 million years
RitlandNorway2.7 kmabout 520 million years
RotmistrovkaUkraine2.7 kmabout 120 ± 10 million years
Roter KammNamibia2.5 kmabout 3.7 million years
ViewfieldCanada2.5 kmabout 190 ± 20 million years
Mishina GoraRussia2.5 kmabout 300 ± 50 million years
West HawkCanada2.44 kmabout 351 ± 20 million years
HollefordCanada2.35 kmabout 550 ± 100 million years
TvärenSweden2 kmabout 455 million years
TenoumerMauritania1.9 kmabout 21,000 years
YilanChina1.85 kmabout 49,000 years
LonarIndia1.83 kmabout 570,000 years
XiuyanChina1.8 kmabout 50,000 years
TalemzaneAlgeria1.75 kmless than about 3 million years
LiverpoolAustralia1.6 kmbetween about 543 million and 1 billion years
SaarijärviFinland1.5 kmmore than about 600 million years
KarikkoselkäFinland1.4 kmabout 230 million years
Tabun-Khara-OboMongolia1.3 kmabout 150 ± 20 million years
Barringer Crater (Meteor Crater)United States1.2 kmabout 50,000 years
HummelnSweden1.2 kmabout 465 million years
TswaingSouth Africa1.13 kmabout 220,000 years
MålingenSweden1 kmabout 458 million years
JinlinChina900 mless than about 11,700 years (early to middle Holocene)
Wolfe CreekAustralia880 mabout 120,000 years
KalkkopSouth Africa640 mabout 250,000 years
AmguidAlgeria450 mless than 100,000 years
AouelloulMauritania390 m3.1 ± 0.3 million years
MonturaquiChile370 mless than 1 million years
MachaRussia300 mprobably less than about 7,300 years
HickmanAustralia260 mbetween about 10,000 and 100,000 years
HenburyAustralia180 mabout 4,200 years
BoxholeAustralia170 mabout 5,400 years
OdessaUnited States168 mabout 63,500 years (poorly known)
WabarSaudi Arabia116 mprobably a few hundred years
KaaliEstonia110 mabout 3,500 years
MoraskoPoland100 mabout 5,000 years
Campo del CieloArgentina100 mabout 4,000 to 4,500 years
IlumetsaEstonia80 mabout 7,000 years
VeeversAustralia80 mless than about 20,000 years
SobolevRussia53 mprobably less than about 1,000 years
KamilEgypt45 mprobably less than 5,000 years
WhitecourtCanada36 mabout 1,100 years
Sikhote-AlinRussia27 mformed on 12 February 1947
DalgarangaAustralia24 mprobably about 3,000 years
HavilandUnited States15 mprobably less than a few thousand years
CarancasPeru13.5 mformed on 15 September 2007
Tunguska (airburst, no crater)RussiaNo crater30 June 1908

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