Do meteoroids ever hit spacecraft?
Yes. Tiny specks of dust often hit spacecraft, and they are designed with shields to cope. Large hits are very rare.
Space is mostly empty, but it is not completely empty. There are tiny bits of natural space dust, called micrometeoroids, and bits of old rockets and satellites, called space debris. Both can hit spacecraft.
Because things in space move so fast, even a speck smaller than a grain of sand can hit with a lot of energy, like a tiny bullet. Space shuttles used to come home with small chips in their windows, which sometimes had to be replaced. In 2022, a micrometeoroid hit one of the mirror segments of the James Webb Space Telescope and left a small mark, though the telescope still works brilliantly.
Engineers protect spacecraft in clever ways. Many have shields made of thin layers with gaps between them. When a speck hits the first layer, it breaks into a spray of even smaller pieces, which are stopped by the next layers. Important parts are placed where they are best protected. Mission planners also check forecasts of meteor showers and sometimes turn spacecraft so their most delicate parts face away from the stream of dust.
Thankfully, big hits that destroy spacecraft are extremely rare, because space is so very big.