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Are there meteorites made of ice?

The short answer

No. Icy space objects, like bits of comets, melt or burn up before they reach the ground. But some meteorites have water locked inside their minerals.

Comets are made partly of ice, so you might wonder whether icy meteorites ever fall. The answer is that ice cannot survive the journey.

When something enters Earth's air from space, it is moving at tens of kilometres every second. Its outside heats up to thousands of degrees. Rock and metal can survive this heat for a few seconds, because only a thin layer melts. Ice, though, turns to water and gas at much lower temperatures. Icy bits of comet dust, which make many shooting stars, are also tiny. They vanish completely high in the sky.

Sometimes people find big lumps of ice that seem to have fallen from the sky. These are usually large hailstones, or ice that formed on aeroplanes and fell off. They are not from space.

However, some meteorites do contain water, just not as ice. A rare kind called carbonaceous chondrites has water locked inside clay minerals. They formed when ice inside asteroids melted billions of years ago and soaked into the rock. Some contain up to about a tenth of their weight in water. Samples brought back from the asteroids Ryugu and Bennu contain similar watery minerals. They may help explain where Earth's oceans came from.

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